Component | Description | Function

------------------------------------- | ------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------

Voltage Regulator IC (LM7805) | 3-pin IC with a heat sink | Converts 12V DC to a stable 5V DC output for sensors and controller

Filter Capacitors (1000µF, 100µF) | Electrolytic capacitors | Smooth the rectified DC and filter voltage ripples

Rectifier Diodes (1N4007) | Converts AC to DC | Used for full-wave rectification from transformer output

LED + Resistor | Power indicator | Indicates power ON condition

Pin Headers | Output connection pins | Provide regulated voltage to ESP32, sensors, and relay