Stimulus

Opening of Voltage-gated Na⁺ channels

Rapid Na⁺ influx

Action potential generation

High-frequency repetitive firing

Opening of Ca²⁺ channels

Release of Glutamate

Excess neuronal excitation

Anticonvulsant drug administration

Blockade of Na⁺ channels

Prolonged inactivated state

↓ High-frequency neuronal firing

Blockade of T-type Ca²⁺ channels

↓ Neurotransmitter release

Enhancement of GABA inhibition

Hyperpolarization of membrane

↓ Neuronal excitability