• Fitness trackers, smartwatches, AR glasses

• Need for compact, flexible, high-performance energy storage

• Renewables: 19% of world energy consumption

• Biomass: 9% of global energy consumption

• Renewables surpass non-renewables

• Hybrid metal-organic 2D/3D structures

• Metal cations + organic ligands

• Storage mechanisms: double-layer capacitance, pseudocapacitance, redox

• EDLC: Charge at electrode-electrolyte interface, high cyclic stability

• Pseudocapacitor: Reversible redox, low power density & cyclic stability

• Hybrid Capacitor: Combines high power & energy, long lifespan

• MOF/G and COF/G combine porosity & conductivity

• MOF/GO more popular than COF/GO

Materials:

- Cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)2·6H2O)

- Biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid (BPDC)

- DMF solution

Process:

1. Dissolve materials in DMF and stir 30 min

2. Transfer to autoclave, heat at 180°C for 12h

3. Cool, centrifuge, dry at 60°C overnight

4. Obtain black powder