Scopus
n = 342

Web of Science
n = 298

Google Scholar
n = 187

Records identified from
database searching
n = 827

Duplicates removed
n = 156

Records screened
by title and abstract
n = 671

Records excluded
n = 523

Not peer-reviewed n=87
Outside date range n=156
Irrelevant topic n=234
Non-English n=46

Full-text articles assessed
for eligibility
n = 148

Full-text articles excluded
n = 98

Below 3-star ABS ranking n=34
Insufficient focus on constructs n=41
Methodological concerns n=15
Lack of theoretical grounding n=8

Studies included in
qualitative synthesis
n = 50

Final Sample Composition:

Theoretical/Conceptual:
n=18 36%

Quantitative:
n=22 44%

Qualitative:
n=7 14%

Mixed-methods:
n=3 6%

African/Ghanaian Focus:
n=8 16%