Hardware Layer

Multi-sensor Module

• Soil moisture sensor

• Temperature sensor

• Nutrient & pH sensor

• Light intensity sensor

Microcontroller

ESP32 / Arduino

IoT Connectivity

Wi-Fi / LoRa

• Receives real-time sensor data

• Stores data in cloud database

• Manages connected devices

• Machine learning models (Logistic Regression)

• Soil–crop suitability analysis

• Irrigation scheduling logic

• Stress detection & alert generation

• Crop recommendation engine

• Small visible display screen in the stick

• Displays real-time soil & crop data

• Provides actionable recommendations

• Sends alerts & notifications to farmers