Reversible Bonds

Diels-Alder, H-bonding, Ionic, Supramolecular

Polymer Mobility

Reptation, Diffusion, Temperature dependence

Kinetics

Chain dynamics, Interfacial healing, Recovery modeling

Microcapsules

Shells (MF, polyurea, silica), Agents (epoxy, PU), Catalysts

Vascular Networks

Channel geometry, Architecture (hierarchical), Agent supply

Hollow Fibers/Microtubes

Enzyme-Mediated

HRP, Transaminase, Laccase/Polyphenol oxidase

Shape-Memory Polymer (SMP)-Assisted

Programming/recovery, Single-component, Hybrid SMP + Intrinsic

4D Printed

Technologies (FDM, SLA, inkjet), Programmed geometry, Multi-material design